The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has issued an advisory in response to a surge in global and U.S. measles cases, emphasizing the importance of vaccination for all international travelers over 6 months and children over 12 months. As of March 14, 2024, the U.S. has reported 58 confirmed measles cases across 17 jurisdictions, with 93% linked to international travel. Most affected are unvaccinated children over 12 months. Countries like Austria, the Philippines, Romania, and the UK are currently grappling with measles outbreaks. U.S. residents are strongly advised to ensure they are up-to-date with their MMR vaccinations before traveling internationally to prevent the spread of measles.
Measles is a highly contagious viral illness that can lead to severe complications such as pneumonia, encephalitis, and even death, particularly in unvaccinated individuals. The infection typically manifests with symptoms like fever and cough, followed by a rash around 14 days post-exposure. The virus spreads through direct contact and airborne droplets, remaining infectious on surfaces for up to 2 hours.
The decline in measles vaccination rates globally has heightened the risk of outbreaks. The MMR vaccine, which boasts a 97% effectiveness rate after two doses, plays a critical role in preventing measles infections. However, vaccination rates among U.S. kindergartners have decreased, leaving a significant number susceptible to measles. The CDC underscores the necessity of vaccination for children, international travelers, and healthcare providers to effectively manage suspected cases and curb potential outbreaks.
Healthcare providers are urged to ensure that MMR vaccinations are current, consider measles in diagnoses for fever and rash in travelers, and promptly isolate suspected cases. Health departments are required to report cases to the CDC and enhance surveillance and communication efforts to contain the spread of measles.
Parents and travelers are strongly advised to guarantee full vaccination before embarking on international trips and remain vigilant for symptoms upon their return. The CDC emphasizes the safety and efficacy of the MMR vaccine in preventing measles infections and associated complications.
